Apple
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the ampple tree, it is one of the
most widely cultivated tree fruits, the ree is small , 3 to 12 meter
tail. The flowers are white they have five petals with 2,5 to 3,5
centimeters in diameter, the fruit is 5 to 9 centimeter in diameter, the
apple tree comes from central asia, there are more than 7.500 known
cultivars of apples. Research shows that apples may reduce the risk of
colon cancer prostate cancer and lung cancer , apples contain relatively
low amounts of vitamin c as well as several other antioxidant compounds
the fiber content in apples may reuce the risk of colon cancer , they
may also help coping with heeart disease, weight loss, and controlling
cholestrol, they are rich with caloric content like most fruits and
vegetables.
Selasa, 29 April 2014
Senin, 31 Maret 2014
International Business Etiquatte
5 Tips for Meeting New Clients
The
first meeting with a new client is a lot like a first date. It's a chance to
put your best foot forward and lay the foundation for a successful long-term
working relationship. Then again, a first client meeting is also like a job
interview. You want to ooze professionalism, inspire confidence and thoroughly
convince the client that your potential client's money is in good
hands.
We've
assembled five essential tips for making an excellent first impression at a
client meeting. We'll start off with something you can do days before the
meeting begins.
While
it's important to update your portfolio, iron your dress slacks and practice
your best "firm but friendly" handshake, remember that a successful
client meeting is all about listening. Get a head start by
"listening" to what the client has to say on his or her Web site and
in the press. Keep reading for more research and planning tips.
1. Plan and Prepare
1. Plan and Prepare
When preparing for the
first meeting with a new client, it's easy to get caught up in everything that
you want to accomplish. Depending on your business, you might want to sell the
highest number of units or set the design direction of the company's new Web
site. But even if you think you have the best products and the best ideas in
the world, the only important opinion is the client's.
In the days leading up
to the meeting, do as much research as you can about the client. Read the
company Web site from top to bottom, paying particular attention to mission and
vision statements. Companies put a lot of time into crafting these messages, so
your pitch has to jibe with company culture. Read recent press releases and
blog posts to understand what the company is most excited about right now. Then
make a list of questions that remain unanswered. These might be useful at the
meeting to get the conversation rolling.
Put yourself in the
client's shoes, says client loyalty expert Andrew Sobel [source: Sobel]. What are the client's key business
concerns? What pressures might the client be feeling in the marketplace? Where
does the client want to go and how can you help him or her get there? Keep all
of these concerns front and center as you craft your proposal.
When it's almost time
for the meeting, get everyone on the same page with a well-written agenda.
We'll discuss those on the next page.
2. Set An Agenda
A meeting without an
agenda is like an orchestra without a conductor. An agenda sets the
expectations of the meeting, establishes and orderly flow and helps everyone
understand his or her roles.
A day before the
meeting, e-mail a short agenda to everyone who'll be
in attendance. It doesn't have to be detailed. It can be a spare outline or a
simple bullet-point list that includes the main points to be covered and tasks
to accomplish [source: Entity]. This might also be a good opportunity
to introduce your team members to the client. Link to full bios on your Web
site or include a short blurb about each team member, as well as his or her job
title and responsibilities. Again, this will help the client know what to
expect when you walk in the door.
Remember, though, that
an agenda isn't written in stone (it's barely written on paper). Start the
meeting by addressing each point on the agenda in the order you've suggested.
But if the client wants to talk about the last point first, let him or her do
it. If the client wants to talk about something completely different, however,
be prepared to ditch the agenda altogether. Again, the main goal of this
meeting is to listen to the client. If the agenda doesn't help you meet that
goal, scrap it
3. Make a Professional
Impression
The first meeting with a
new client is not the time to be yourself. Instead, be your most courteous,
polite and professional self. It starts with your clothes. Even if you work at
the most casual office in the world, bump it up a notch or two for the client
meeting. Skirts, slacks and ties show that you take the client seriously. So
does arriving on time. Never make the client wait!
Turn on the charm as
soon as you walk in the door. Be polite and friendly to everyone you meet in
the office, from receptionists to interns [source: Farber]. You never know whose opinion counts and
who can be your advocate down the line. If you come with other team members,
don't joke loudly or badmouth other clients while waiting for the meeting to
begin.
Show respect for your
client's time and attention. Before jumping into the meeting, re-establish the
time frame you proposed in the agenda [source: Farber]. "Is two hours still all
right?" It's a simple act of professional courtesy that speaks volumes.
If you want to maintain that professional
attitude, avoid the following "don'ts":
- Don't eat during the meeting, unless it's a lunch meeting.
- Don't answer your cell phone. In fact, shut it off.
- Don't text or e-mail.
- Don't whisper to your teammates while the client is talking.
4. Take Notes
Never forget that the
main goal of meeting with a new client is to listen. It doesn't matter if the
client is an inspiring innovator or a complete bore -- pretend that every word
out of his mouth is pure gold. Make a show of taking out a notepad or opening
your laptop computer to take notes. Columnist Barry Farber, writing for
Entrepreneur.com, suggests that you even ask, "Do you mind if I take
notes" [source: Farber]? Just watch your client sit up taller in
his or her seat.
For most people, the
easiest way to take notes is to use a computer.
To keep your notes organized, try to enter information in outline form or at
least bullet-points under separate headers. If you bring more than one person
to the meeting, have one team member be the assigned note-taker so the others
can engage more fully with the client.
If you're the only
person from your team, be careful not to bury your head in your computer while
the client is talking. Try to make frequent eye contact and bounce back
supportive statements like "Good point," or "That's important to
know." If you have questions, write them in your notes and wait until the
client has finished talking to ask them.
Your work isn't over
when the meeting ends. Keep the working relationship rolling with a courteous
and professional follow-up e-mail.
5. Send a Meeting Summary
The first meeting with a
new client is important -- but remember that it's only the beginning of a
longer relationship. Keep the momentum going by following up after the meeting
with a short e-mailed summary, also called a contact
report. A contact report accomplishes several important things at once:
It's a simple way to say thank you, to recap what was discussed, and to propose
some next steps.
The contact report should include the
following information:
- Name of project
- Date of meeting
- Team members in attendance
- Bullet-point list of what was discussed
- Next steps: what will be accomplished next, who will do it, and when it will be finished [source: Entity]
If the meeting was with
a potential client, this would also be the time send along your price quote.
The price quote is only an estimate of actual costs, but it
should be as detailed as possible. Along with standard services and billing
rates, include optional services and their prices. Make it clear -- in a polite
and professional way -- that the work cannot go forward until the client signs
the price estimate.
Business Equitte Tips
Business etiquette focuses on
actions deemed appropriate in professional settings. By getting in the habit of
behaving in a manner consistent with the principles related to good business
etiquette, you’ll be more likely to make an excellent impression on people you
encounter on a daily basis.
In order to help you with your business endeavors,
every week we feature the norms and standards for business etiquette in Move
One countries.
Our third destination is Russia.
Our third destination is Russia.
Let’s see a couple of tips from
Russia.
- Men often do not take off their jackets in negotiations
- Women dress rather conservatively, avoiding overly flashy or gaudy outfits
- Women should always cover their heads when entering a Russian Orthodox church
- When attending dinner in a citizen’s home, casual dress of slacks and a nice shirt without a tie are appropriate
- Do not expect an apology from a Russian who’s late, and do not demonstrate any kind of attitude if your business appointments begin one or two hours late. This may also be a test of your patience
- Russians are known as great “sitters” during negotiations, this demonstrates their tremendous patience
- As a foreigner, you should realize that “Final Offers” are often not actually the end of the negotiations, and that often times the outcome will be more beneficial and attractive if you can hold out
- It is extremely difficult to do business in Russia without any help from a local. To help with this, gifts, money or other items are often a good idea when doing business in Russia
- Although Russian winters are extremely harsh and cold, when shaking hands with someone, be sure to take off your gloves, as it is considered rude not to
- Be sure to have plenty of business cards with double sides of information. One side should be printed in English, the other side in Russian
- Be alert and open to taking a drink or having a toast, as refusing to do so is a serious breach of etiquette
- Speaking or laughing loudly in public is considered rude, as Russians are generally reserved and somber
- Good topics of conversation include the current changes taking place in Russia and their current economic situation
Rabu, 27 November 2013
Tugas Softskill Bahasa Indonesia 2 (3): Personal
1. Perhatikan format daftar pustaka
pada penulisan ilmiah (sciencitific research). Jelaskan dan berikan contoh
untuk masing-masing jenis aturan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ilmiah.
Contohnya Sistem Harvard, Sistem Harvard Modified, Sistem Vancouver, Sistem
Abjad dan Sistem Nomor Urut.
Metode Harvard
Sistem penulisan referensi Harvard membahas format untuk
penulisan dan pengorganisasian kutipan dari materi sumber. Sistem ini juga di
kenal dengan sebutan author date
system-sistem penulis tanggal ( Curtin University,2007 : 1), dan parenthetical
referencing penulisan referensi dalam kurung (Perelman, Barret & Paradis,
2000).
Dalam sistem penulisan referensi Harvard, kutipan singkat
terhadap sumber ditulis dalam kurung di dalam teks dalam suatu artikel dan kutipan
lengkapnya dikumpulkan dalam urutan abjad di bawah judul “Referensi”, “Daftar
Rujukan” atau “Daftar Acuan” dibagian akhir. Kutipan di dalam teks di tempatkan
di dalam kurung setelah kalimat atau bagiannya, diikuti tahun penerbitan,
seperti (Smith 2005), dan nomor halaman bila diperlukan (Smith 2005:1).
Kemudian dalam bagian Referensi, kutipan lengkap diberikan:
Cara Pengutipan
Struktur kutipan dalam sistem penulisan
referensi Harvard adalah nama penulis, tahun penerbitan, dan rentang nomor
halaman, dalam kurung, seperti diilustrasikan dalam contoh Smith sedikit di
bawah bagian teratas artikel ini.
Nomor halaman dihilangkan bila seluruh
tulisan dikutip. Nama penulis dihilangkan bila sudah ada dalam teks. Sehingga
akan ditulis : ”Jones (2001) merevolusi bidang bedah trauma.”
Dua atau tiga penulis dikutip dengan
menggunakan kata “dan” atau tanda “&” : (Deane, Smith, dan Jones, 1991)
atau (Deane, Smith & Jones, 1991) enam atau lebih penulis dikutip
menggunakan et al. (Deane et al. 1992).
Tahun yang tidak diketahui dikutip
sebagaino date (Deane n.d.). rujukan pada cetak ulang dikutip dengan tahun
publikasi asli di dalam kurung siku (Marx [1867] 196,p. 90).
Bila seorang penulis menerbitkan dua buku
pada tahun 2005, tahun dari buku pertama (dalam urutan abjad dari rujukan)
dikutip sebagai 2005a, dan yang kedua sebagai 2005b.
Kutipan ditempatkan di tempat yang cocok,
di tengah atau di akhir kalimat. Bila di akhir kalimat, ditempatkan sebelum
titik, tapi untuk seluruh blok kutipan ditempatkan segera setelah titik di
akhir blok karena catatan kutipan itu bukan bagian dari kutipan itu sendiri.
Kutipan lengkap disediakan dalam urutan
berdasar abjad dibagian setelah teks, biasanya ditandai sebagai “Referensi”,
“Daftar Rujukan”, atau “Daftar Acuan”. Perbedaannya dengan daftar pustaka atau
blibiografi adalah bahwa daftar pustaka dan bibliografi bisa menyertakan
tulisan yang tidak dikutip secara langsyng dalam teks.
Seluruh kutipan menggunakan font yang
sama dengan teks utama.
Bila mengutip sumber dari internet, juga
perlu menyediakan nama dan tempat dari sponsor sumber, tanggal mengakses,
keseluruhan URL atau hanya rincian situs utama,sebagai tambahan informasi
tentang penulis/editor, tahun terbit, dan judul dokumen. Sumber kutipan juga
lebih disukai bila ditandai dengan kurung siku sebagai [internet] atau [online]
untuk menekankan bahwa ini adalah versi tidak tercetak.
Contoh dari rujukan buku adalah :
Smith, J. (2005a). Harvard Referencing.
London: Jolly Good Publishing.
Contoh dari rujukan jurnal adalah :
Smith, John Maynard. (1998). The origin
of alturism. Nature 393: 639-40.
Contoh pengutipan surat kabar formal
adalah :
Bowcott, O. (2005, 18 October). “Protest
halt online auctin to shoot stag”, The Guardian. Di akses 7 Februari 2006
Bila publikasinya offline :
Bowcott, O. (18 Oktober 2005). Protest
halt online auction to shoot stag. The Guardian.
Sistem Harvard Modified
Sistem Harvard Modified adalah
menggunakan cara penomoran (pemberi angka) yang berurutan untuk menunjukan
rujukan pustaka (sitasi). Dalam daftar pustaka, pemuncula sumber rujukan
dilakukan secara berurut menggunakan nomor sesuai kemunculan sebagai situasi dalam
tulisan naskah tulisan.
Contoh :
Prabowo GJ, Priyanto E.New drug for acute
respiratory distress syndrome due to avian virus. N Ind J Med. 2005;337:435-9
Sistem Vancouver
Cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan metode
Vancouver ini sedikit berbeda dengan metode Harvard. Letak perbedaan sangat
jelas. Dan ebanyakan sitasi jurnal ilmiah mengacu kepada cara menulis daftar
pustaka dengan metode Vancouver. Metode penulisan daftar pustaka yang mengikuti
metode Harvard mayoritas diikuti oleh penulis karya tulis ilmiah, seperti
skripsi, makalh, tesis dan karya tulis ilmiah lainnya. Secara umum juga
mengikuti cara menulis daftar pustakayang sudah umum bahkan tidak mengikuti
kedua metode tersebut, metode Harvard dan Vancouver.
Adapun langkah-langkah yang dapat
ditempuh dalam cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan metode Vancouver
adalah sebagai berikut:
- Menggunakan bullet angka
- Angka tersebut menjadi rujukan dalam sitasi sebuah karya tulis yang dibuat
- Nomor rujukan (referensi) yang ada di dalam karya tulis itu harus sama dengan urutan penulis yang ada dalam daftar pustaka
- Tidak perlu mengurutkan tahun publikasi tulisan
- Nama tidak perlu diurutkan berdasarkan alfabetis
Contoh
cara menulis daftar pustaka dengan metode Vancouver :
Grinspoon
L, Bakalar JB. Marijuana: the Forbidden Medicine. London : Yale Univ Pr; 1993.
Sistem
Abjad
Untuk
menuliskan urutan, menggunakan sistem abjad tanpa pemberian nomor urut.
Penulisan daftar pustaka dimulai dari margin kiri dengan jarak antar baris satu
spasi. Baris kedua dan seterusnya dalam rujukan yang sama diketik masuk
sebanyak lima ketukan atau dalam komputer kurang lebih satu sentimeter dan
jarak antarbaris dengan rujukan yang
berbeda adalah dua spasi.
Pada
umumnya, penulis daftar pustaka disusun dengan komponen nama penulis, tahun terbit,
judul naskah, bentuk sumber informasi, kota penerbit dan nama penerbit.
Pencatuman nama penulis dilakukan dengan menyebutkan nama akhir yang diikuti
dengan nama awal yang dipisahdengan tanda koma. Untuk gelar, tidak termasuk
dalam penulisan daftar pustaka.
Contoh
penulisan daftar pustaka :
Suriasumantri,
J.S. 1993. Filsafat Ilmu (Sebuah Pengantar Populer). Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar
Harapan.
Sistem
Nomor Urut
Sistem
Nomor Urut adalah penulisan daftar pustaka disusun berdasarkan nomor urut
pengacuan buku dalam sebuah skripsi, bukan berdasarkan abhad nama penulis.
Contoh
:
Kaufmsn-Buhler
w., Peters A. & Peters K. (1981) Mathematicians love books. Dalam: Steen,
L,A. Ed. (1981) Mathematics tomorrow, hlm. 121-126. Springer-Verlag, New York.
2. Kalian temukan dan deskripsikan
ketentuan penulisan artikel ilmiah dalam publikasi jurnal ilmiah
Naskah ditulis dalam Bahasa
Indonesia dengan abstrak bahasa inggris, bila naskah berbahasa inggris, abstrak
berbahasa Indonesia.
Penulisan dengan menggunakan MS Word
pada kertas ukuran A4, dengan font Times New Roman 12, spasi 1,5 kecuali tabel.
Batas atas dan bawah 3cm, tepi kiri dan kanan 3,17 cm, maksimal 12 halaman isi
untuk bidang IPA/UPT dan 15 halaman isi untuk bidang IPS di luar lampiran.
(harap dibatasi)
Kerabgka tulisan berurutan sebagai
berikut :
1. Judul
2. Nama dan Alamat Penulis
3. Abstrak
4. Kata kunci
5. Pendahuluan (berisi latar belakang,
perumusan masalah, teori, hipotesa (optimal), tujuan).
6. Metode Penelitian (berisi waktu dan
tempat, bahan/cara pengumpulan data, metode analisa data)
7. Hasil dan Pembahasan
8. Kesimpulan
9. Saran (optional)
10. Ucapan terima kasih (optional)
11. Daftar Pustaka
Judul diketik dengan huruf
kapitaltebal (bold) pada halaman maksimal 11 kata. Judul harus mencerminkan
inti tulisan. Nama penulis diketik lengkap di bawah judul beserta alamat
lengkap. Bila alamat lebih dari satu diberi tanda asterisk *) dan diikuti
alamat penulis sekarang. Jika penulis lebih dari satu orang kata penghubung
digunakan kata “dan”.
Abstrak diketik dengan huruf miring
(italic) berjarak 1 spasi maksimal 150 kata. Kata kunci 2-5 kata, ditulis
italic.
Selain bahasa yang digunakan
(Indonesia/Inggris) harus huruf miring (italic)
Kelengkapan tulisan : gambar, grafik
dan kelengkapan lain disiapkan dalam bentuk file .Jpg. untuk tabel ditulis
seperti biasa jengan jenis font menyesuaikan. Untuk foto hitam putih kecuali
bila warna menetukan arti.
Redaksi : editor/penyunting
mempunyai kewenangan mengatur pelaksanaan penerbitan sesuai format ijurnal.com.
3. Jelaskan jika
sumber informasi berupa buku atau majalah, data apa saja yang harus dicantumkan
sesuai dengan cara yang berlaku ?
Cara membuat daftar referensi/daftar
pustaka
Sebuah
daftar referensi hanya berisi buku, artikel, halaman web dan lainnya yang
dikutip dalam teks dokumen. Daftar pustaka mencakup semua sumber konsultasi
untuk melatarbelakangi atau bacaan lebih lanjut. Daftar referensi disusun
menurut abjad oleh penulis. Jika isi butir tidak mencantumkan pengarang, hal
ini dikutip dengan judul, dan termasuk dalam daftar alfabet menggunakan kata
signifikan pertama dari judul. Jika anda memiliki lebih dari satu butir dengan
penulis yang sama, susun butir urutan waktunya, dimulai dengan publikasi
terbaru. Setiap referensi muncul pada baris baru. Tidak ada indentasi dan
referensi. Tidak ada penomoran dan referensi. Buku. Elemen kutipan. Pengarang-
nama keluarga dan inisial tahun publikasi, judul buku- ditulis miring, Edisi,
Penerbit, Tempat diterbitkan. Tipe referensi, contoh isi tulisan, contoh daftar
referensi.
1
pengarang
Teknik
pencarian canggih penting dalam menemukan informasi (Berkman 1994) atau
Berkman, RI 1994, Find It fast: how to uncover expert information on any
subject, HarperParennial, New York.
Berkman
(1994, p. 25) mengklain bahwa ...
Atau
Berkman
(1994, pp. 30-35) setuju bahwa...
2
pengarang
.... dari
sudut pandang teknik (Cengel & Boles 1994)
Atau
Cengel,
YA& Boles, MA 1994, Thermodynamic: an engineering approach, 2nd edn, McGraw
Hill, London. Cangel dan Boles (1994) menemukan ...
3
pengarang
....
seperti ditunjukkan sebelumnya (Reid, Parsons & Green, CW 1989, Staff
management in human services: behavioral research and application, Charles C.
Thomas, Springfield.
4
pengarang atau lebih
......
sakit leher disebabkan oleh salah urat (Jull et al. 2008)
Atau
Jull, G,
Sterling, M, Fallah, D, Treleaven, J& O’Leary, S 2008, Whiplash headache
and neck pain: research-based directions for physical therapies, Churcill
Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Jull et
al.(2008) telah mendebatkan ...
Tidak ada
nama pengarang
.....
sudah disebutkan (Be, know, do: leadership the Armyway 2004).
Atau be,
know, do: leadrship the Army way 2004, Jossey-Bass, SanFrancisco. Masukan
secara alpabet kedalam daftar referensi.
Dalam Be,
know, do : leadership the Army way (2004) ada contoh menarik ....
Beberapa
karya oleh pengarang yang sama
.....
geologi di taman nasional Queensland (willmott 2004,2006)
Sumber :
Langganan:
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